عنوان مقاله:

نویسندگان:

Fateme Rahmani، Zahra Jannessari

Wallace Stevens’ Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Bird, as a manifesto to his aesthetic principles and his concern for beauty, has been long praised. As a philosopher of aesthetics he vigorously explored the essence of poetry as the excellent mix of creative imagination and objective reality. His extreme technical and thematic complexity has fit to a many critical analyses. First of all, his skillful handling of literary elements and the perfect interplay of form and meaning make it a great object for formalistic criticism. Secondly, his mastery of handling dramatic tension between binary oppositions, from a deconstructionist point of view, has turned his poem into an epitome of his attempts to deconstruct the nature/ culture dualism. He endeavors to reconstruct the relationship between these two seemingly extreme concepts in order to better handle the spiritual crisis of his age. Last but not least is a mythological and archetypal study of his work which yields a supreme picture of infusion of the universal archetypes. He has employed, consciously or not, the universal archetypes to better reconcile his contemporaries with the universal man whose belief in nature and unity helps him conquer the crisis of faith and identity. This article serves to study this great work of art in the light of these three approaches, i.e. formalism, structuralism and archetypal analysis. This close study contributes to a better understanding of the work as well as the themes pertaining to reality and imagination.

Wallace Stevens, Formalism, Structuralism, Archetypal Criticism, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Black Bird

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Rahmani، Fateme، Jannessari، Zahra، 1398، Three Ways of Looking at Wallace’s Black Bird، اولين کنفرانس بين المللي مطالعات زبان انگليسي، https://conf.ui.ac.ir/fa/archive_index.php?c=icels&aid=1505932