چکیده

by reading John Milton’s Paradise Lost (1667), we encounter an undecidable ground and involve in a type of converse and strange comprehension of the text. As a matter of fact, the words we read in the text of Paradise Lost can only be paradoxically understood as responses to prior signals and appear differently from what a reader expects. For instance, Paradise Lost begins by asking Heavenly Muse for inspiration but this is not established as the opening sentence. Indeed, beginning of the poem comes after the opening sentence and this complication unsettles the simple notion of beginning. Moreover, within the explicit plot of Paradise Lost, there is a secret-- a kind of hidden narrative that reader can not interpret. In other words, this epic poem presents the reader with multiple readings and leave him or her in uncertainty. This undecidability brings a gap in the text, undermines its stability and also destabilizes authorial intention. In this respect, this study intended to clarify workings of textual hauntings in the text of Paradise Lost within Jacques Derrida s concept of spectre. Derrida believes that the spectral is a concept without concept. For him, the spectre is something between life and death, though neither alive nor dead. Accordingly, this study attempts to shed more light on the fact that Paradise Lost as a literary text is inseparable from ghosts and spectres and also the text is not haunted and controlled by Milton s intention, it is the text which haunts and also is haunted.

کليدواژه ها

John Milton, Paradise Lost, Spectrality, Textuality, Spectre, Ghost, Undecidability, Jacques Derrida

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Elahe Jalali , 1398 , Textual Hauntings: Textuality and Spectrality in John Milton’s Paradise Lost , اولين کنفرانس بين المللي مطالعات زبان انگليسي