چکیده

Electronic literature holds a controversial yet fascinating place in contemporary literary studies. With the advent of digital technologies and the cultural shifts this has brought about, literature too has faced new possibilities. One of the novel potentials offered by the encounter between literature and the digital world is the innovative handling of the point of view and narrative structure of electronic fiction in ways which are not usual in printed books. Traditional printed novels generally have various but focalized points of view in first or third person. The present article investigates a new point of view, a “non-focalized” one, in the electronic novella 10:01 (2005) by Lance Olsen. This novella is about the 10:01 minutes before the start of a movie in a movie theater. Readers have the freedom to choose any character in the cinema hall on which to click to start reading. So the readers are allowed to choose their own pattern of reading and in consequence, the focalization turns to an unlimited point of view or non-focalization. This feature categorizes 10:01 as a “writerly” novella which is a term coined by Roland Barthes. Also George Landow’s theories with regard to “wreader” and “wrider” are used to study the effects of such a point of view. It is demonstrated that Olsen has used the unique possibilities of the electronic medium to shape the narrative form of this e-novella and consequently, affect the quality of the reader’s experience.

کليدواژه ها

writerly, focalization, hypertext, E-Lit, wreader

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Negar Gorji Mohammadzadeh , 1398 , POV in Electronic Literature: Exploration of Non-focalization in 10:01 by Lance Olsen , اولين کنفرانس بين المللي مطالعات زبان انگليسي